Pharwala Fort, nestled in the hills of the Kahuta region within the Islamabad Capital Territory, stands as a powerful relic of the Gakhar tribe’s legacy. Originally constructed around the 11th century by Gakhar chieftain Kai Gohar, its location was strategically chosen for defense and its commanding view of the Pothohar Plateau.

Over time, the fort was expanded and fortified—most notably in 1519 by Emperor Babur, who raised its walls by ten feet after a brief Mughal conquest. Despite multiple occupations by the Mughals, Sikhs, and British, the Gakhars held the fort until 1818, with its final transfer of control occurring under Sikh rule. It also served as a residence for several notable figures, including the renowned Sikh ruler Maharaja Ranjit Singh, who is said to have stayed here during his travels.

Encircled by a now-dry defensive trench and once accessed via a wooden drawbridge, the fort has decayed into romantic ruins, partially overtaken by nature. Remnants of gates such as Haathi Gate, Bohri Gate, and Begum Gate—named after noblewoman Mai Mango—still stand, offering insight into its former grandeur. Today, Pharwala Fort is a symbol of neglected rural heritage. Despite its cultural significance, restoration remains hindered by the presence of local inhabitants—believed to be Gakhar descendants—who live without basic amenities and are cautious of outsiders.

Though difficult to access and in a state of disrepair, Pharwala Fort captivates visitors with its history, mystique, and sweeping views of the Islamabad outskirts and the Soan River.