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Hyderabad is a city, district and division in the
Sind province. The city is an administrative headquarters lying on
the most northern hill of the Ganjo Takkar ridge just east of the
River Indus. Being the third largest city of Pakistan, Hyderabad is
a communication center, connected by rail with Peshawar and Karachi.
Founded in 1768 on the site of the ancient town of Nirun-Kot by Ghulam Shah Kalhora, the saintly ruler of Sind, it was named after the prophet Mohammed's son-in-law, Ali, also known as Haidar. It remained the capital of Sind under the Talpur rulers who succeeded the Kalhoras till 1843 when, after the nearby battles of Miani and Dabo, it surrendered to the British, the capital was then transferred to Karachi. Incorporated as a municipality in 1853, it is an
important commercial and industrial center. Its economic activities
include textile, sugar, cement, and hosiery mills, manufacturing of
glass, soap, ice, paper, and plastics. There are hide tanneries and
sawmills. Ornamented silks, silver-work, gold-work and lacquerware
are also some of its exclusive products. Noteworthy antiquities
include the tombs of the Kalhora and Talpur ruler, palaces of the
former amirs of Sind.
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Newly developed settlements and industrial estates surround the
congested old city area. An noteworthy characteristic of this city
is, badgirs (wind-catchers) fixed to housetops to catch sea breezes
during the hot summer season. A hospital, municipal gardens, zoo,
sports stadium, and several literary societies are in the city. The
University of Sind with 32 affiliated colleges was founded in 1947
in Karachi and moved to Hyderabad in 1951, where it lies across the
Indus. Other education needs are served by numerous government
colleges, the Liaquat Medical College and specialized vocational
institutions. 
